Hazard statement · Environmental hazards
What does H411 mean?
Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
- Hazard class
- Hazardous to the aquatic environment — Chronic Hazard, Category 2 (Aquatic Chronic 2)
- Pictogram
GHS09Environment- Signal word
- No signal word
Categories and label elements
| CLP abbreviation | Pictogram | Signal word |
|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Chronic 2 | GHS09Environment | No signal word |
Related precautionary statements (P codes)
The precautionary statements that CLP Annex IV assigns to this class. Not all of them go on the label: under CLP Article 28(3), no more than six precautionary statements appear on the label unless the nature and severity of the hazard require more; the selection depends on the product and its users.
Build a label with this class. The free label tool works out the pictogram, the signal word and the P statements for the label from the classes you choose.
When does a mixture need H411?
H411 reaches the label and the safety data sheet of a mixture only when the classes and percentages of its components pass certain limits. The relevant limits in the Chemoris rule file are:
- A component of this class is taken into account in a mixture only at a concentration of ≥ 1 %. (CLP Annex I Table 1.1)
- Summation method: the weighted sum of the qualifying components must reach ≥ 25 % for the mixture to be classified Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411). (CLP Annex I Table 4.1.2)
- If a component has a harmonised specific concentration limit (SCL) and meets it, the mixture takes the corresponding class directly.
For a step-by-step worked example see classifying a mixture under CLP.
Where is H411 written in the SDS?
In the SDS, H411 ("Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.") first enters Section 2.1 as a classification, written as "Aquatic Chronic 2" together with the code. Section 2.2 then gives its full text as a label element. Components that have this class are listed row by row in the Section 3 table; in addition, it is justified in Section 12 (ecological information) under the relevant effect heading.
How does H411 appear on the label?
On the label H411 appears with the pictogram GHS09 (environment), and it needs no signal word. In the Chemoris template Section 2.2 carries at most 8 H statements; if the limit is exceeded the least severe ones are dropped and a warning is shown. For the bottom of the label, 3 P statements are candidates for this class in CLP Annex IV; under CLP Article 28 at most 6 of them are selected.
Where does it appear in the safety data sheet?
- Section 2.1: classification; the class abbreviation and H411 are given together.
- Section 2.2: label elements; H411 with its full text, pictogram and signal word.
- Section 3: composition table; in the row of every component that has this class.
- Section 16: the full text of the H statements cited as codes in earlier sections.
Class criteria and thresholds for H411
The values below come from the Chemoris rule file (CLP Annex I). They show the condition under which H411 arises in a mixture. For physical hazards and other classes that depend on test data, the result comes from the mixture's own measurement, not from component percentages.
| Class | Criterion | Limit / formula | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Chronic 2 | Minimum concentration for a component to be considered | ≥ 1 % | CLP Annex I Table 1.1 |
| Aquatic Chronic 2 | Additive formula by which a mixture reaches this class | 10 × Σ(Aquatic Chronic 1 × M) + Σ(Aquatic Chronic 2) ≥ 25 % | CLP Annex I Table 4.1.2 |
H411 compared with H410 and H412
The table below puts H411 next to its closest neighbouring statements; the values are read from the rule data.
| Hazard statement | H411 | H410 | H412 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class abbreviation | Aquatic Chronic 2 | Aquatic Chronic 1 | Aquatic Chronic 3 |
| Pictogram | GHS09 | GHS09 | none |
| Signal word | — | Warning | — |
| Precautionary statements assigned | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Concentration cut-off in a mixture | 1 % | 0.1 % | 1 % |
The signal word differs: — for H411, Warning for H410. Both are shown with the same pictogram (GHS09). H411 and H412 carry the same signal word (—). The pictogram differs: GHS09 for H411, none for H412.
In which SDS sections does H411 appear?
H411 does not stay only in the label section of an SDS; the class itself and the precautionary statements assigned to it shape the content of other sections too. The counts are calculated from the P statements that Annex IV assigns to this class.
| SDS section | Relation to this code |
|---|---|
| 2.1 Classification | Written with the abbreviation Aquatic Chronic 2 and the code H411. |
| 2.2 Label elements | H411 appears with its full text, GHS09 (environment) and none. |
| 3 Composition | The class and code show in the row of every component that carries this class. |
| 12 Ecological information | The aquatic or environmental effect is justified here. |
| 6 Accidental release | Of the 3 assigned P statements, 1 belong to the subject of this section: P391. |
| 7 Handling and storage | Of the 3 assigned P statements, 1 belong to the subject of this section: P273. |
| 13 Disposal | Of the 3 assigned P statements, 1 belong to the subject of this section: P501. |
| 14 Transport | ADR mapping: Class 9, packing group III; ADR 2.2.9.1.10. The environmentally hazardous mark may be required (ADR 2025 2.2.9.1.10; 5.2.1.8). |
| 16 Other information | The full text of the H statements cited by code is collected here. |
Statements that appear on the label together with H411
H411 is never printed alone on a label; it sits next to the pictogram and the signal word. The Chemoris selection method (response, prevention, storage, disposal in that order; core statements first) gives these first 3 candidates for this class:
| Rank | P code | Type | Priority | Text |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | P391 | response | core | Collect spillage. |
| 2 | P273 | prevention | core | Avoid release to the environment. |
| 3 | P501 | disposal | core | Dispose of contents/container to … |
The GHS09 pictogram and none are printed together. This ranking applies because a label usually carries at most 6 statements; when a combined statement is selected, its parts are not printed again.
Official EU wording of H411 in other languages
When a product is exported to the EU, the SDS and label are expected in the official language of the Member State where it is placed on the market (REACH Article 31(5)). The table gives the official wording of H411 from the CLP Annex III/IV language versions published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Source: EUR-Lex CELEX 02008R1272-20260701.
| Language | Official wording | Class title | Signal word |
|---|---|---|---|
| German | Giftig für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung. | Chronisch gewässergefährdend, Gefahrenkategorie 2 | — |
| French | Toxique pour les organismes aquatiques, entraîne des effets néfastes à long terme. | Dangereux pour le milieu aquatique — Danger chronique, catégorie 2 | — |
| Spanish | Tóxico para los organismos acuáticos, con efectos nocivos duraderos. | Peligroso para el medio ambiente acuático — Peligro crónico, categoría 2 | — |
| Italian | Tossico per gli organismi acquatici con effetti di lunga durata. | Pericoloso per l'ambiente acquatico — Pericolo cronico, categoria 2 | — |
| Polish | Działa toksycznie na organizmy wodne, powodując długotrwałe skutki. | Stwarzające zagrożenie dla środowiska wodnego – zagrożenie przewlekłe, kategoria 2 | — |
| Dutch | Giftig voor in het water levende organismen, met langdurige gevolgen. | Chronisch gevaar voor het aquatisch milieu, gevarencategorie 2 | — |
| Portuguese | Tóxico para os organismos aquáticos com efeitos duradouros. | Perigoso para o ambiente aquático — Toxicidade crónica da categoria 2 | — |
| Romanian | Toxic pentru mediul acvatic cu efecte pe termen lung. | Periculos pentru mediul acvatic – pericol cronic, categoria 2 | — |
Common mistakes with H411
- Writing unlimited H statements for a multi-class product: in the Chemoris template, Section 2.2 holds at most 8 H statements.
Next steps
To read a statement like H411 correctly on a label and in an SDS, see the guide How to read H and P codes; to pick the class and prepare the label automatically, use the free label tool.
Related hazard statements
Other H statements in the same hazard family as H411 (Aquatic Chronic). The difference between categories mostly comes from the degree of severity.
Frequently asked questions
Which pictogram and signal word go with H411 on a label?
For H411 the pictogram is GHS09 (environment); it needs no signal word.
How many P statements does H411 need?
CLP Annex IV assigns 3 precautionary statements to the class of H411, but under CLP Article 28(3) a label usually carries at most 6 of them; the selection depends on the product and its user.
When does a mixture need H411?
A component of this class is taken into account in a mixture only at a concentration of ≥ 1 %. Summation method: the weighted sum of the qualifying components must reach ≥ 25 % for the mixture to be classified Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411). Details are in the section "When does a mixture need H411?" above.
In which SDS sections does H411 appear?
H411 appears in Sections 2.1 (classification), 2.2 (label), 3 (composition) and 16, and also in 12, 6, 7, 13 and 14.
What is the difference between H411 and H410?
H411 carries — and GHS09; H410 carries Warning and GHS09.
Which numerical limits apply to H411 in a mixture?
Aquatic Chronic 2: ≥ 1 %; Aquatic Chronic 2: 10 × Σ(Aquatic Chronic 1 × M) + Σ(Aquatic Chronic 2) ≥ 25 %.
Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) Annexes I and III; Turkish SEA Regulation (Official Gazette 28848). The statement is the official English text of CLP Annex III. Pictogram and signal word: CLP Annex I Table 4.1.4. Updated: 6 November 2026.
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